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China is the most active and persistent cyber threat to America’s critical infrastructure. But that threat has changed over the past two decades. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) said
“I don’t think it’s possible to design a foolproof system. But I don’t think that should be the goal. The goal should be to make it very difficult to get into,” Chris Thomas, sometimes known as Space Rogue, a member of L0pht Heavy Industries, said during testimony before the House Government Affairs Committee on May 19, 1998.
L0pht Heavy Industries is part of the first congressional hearing on cybersecurity threats. Members of the group warn that it is possible to wipe the Internet in 30 minutes, and that it is almost impossible to create a 100% foolproof protection system. There is also the difficulty of tracking where the threat came from. From where?
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“Backtracking and reverse hacking are tricky areas. Considering the rather outdated protocol you are dealing with. There is no enormous amount of information about where things come from, just where they come from,” said another member of the group, Peiter Zatko, who testified under his code name “Mudge.”
Chinese President Xi Jinping attends a meeting with Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in Brasilia, Brazil, on Nov. 1, 20, 2024. (Reuters/Adriano Machado)
By the time the trial took place China should have started working. In the early 2000s, the U.S. government became aware of Chinese espionage targeting government agencies. A series of operations called Titan Rain began in 2003 and included the hacking of the US State Department. Homeland Security and Energy The public only became aware of such attacks years later.
Around that time, current CISA Director Jen Easterly was sent to Iraq to investigate how terrorists were using new technology.
“I actually started in the world of counter-terrorism. and was sent to serve in Iraq. and saw that terrorists use communication technology to recruit personnel radicalization and how to use an improvised explosive device,” Easterly said.
CISA Director Jane Easterly (The Associated Press)
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At that time the US government Investing in cyber warfare The Bush administration has ordered a study of attacks on computer networks. But officials eventually expressed concern about the amount of damage such attacks could cause. Instead, the United States adopted a defensive posture that emphasizes preventing attacks.
“When I stood at the Army’s first cyber battalion, and participate in the U.S. Cyber Command’s stand-up. We were very focused on the enemies of the nation state,” Easterly said. “At the time, China was the espionage threat that we were focused on.”
Jane Easterly (left) was sent to Iraq to study how terrorists were using new communications technology to recruit. (Jane Easterly)
The threat from China will eventually intensify. According to the Cyber Operations Monitoring Unit of the Council on Foreign Relations, In the early 2000s, China’s cyber campaigns largely focused on spying on government agencies.
“Officials have ranked China’s aggressive and wide-ranging espionage as the main threat to U.S. technology,” Sen. Kit Bond, R-Mo., warned in 2007.
At that time China has a history of spying on U.S. innovation. and using it to simulate its own infrastructure. In 2009, Chinese hackers were suspected of stealing data from Lockheed Martin’s Joint Strike Fighter Program over the years. China has launched a fighter jet that looks and operates like a U.S. aircraft.
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“China is a major threat to the United States,” Easterly said. “We are focused on doing everything we can to identify Chinese activities. to get rid of it and to ensure that we can protect our critical infrastructure from Chinese cyber actors.”
In 2010, China shifted its focus to the public sector. and began targeting telecommunications companies. Operation Aurora was a series of cyberattacks in which actors launched phishing campaigns and attacked the networks of companies such as Yahoo, Morgan Stanley, Google, and many others. Google left China after hacked and has yet to return operations to this country. At the turn of a new decade There is evidence that China is also spying on critical infrastructure in the United States and abroad.
Easterly said the U.S. Focus on doing everything possible to identify Chinese espionage. (CISA)
“We are now viewing them as a threat to conduct disruptive and destructive operations in the United States. That’s really an evolution. that I don’t follow And was quite surprised when we saw the campaign,” Easterly said.
The Council on Foreign Relations’ cyber operations monitor reveals that China frequently targets trade operations and military operations in the South China Sea. And one of the most popular targets over the past decade has been Taiwan.
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“We have seen these actors delve deeper into our critical infrastructure,” Easterly said. “Not for espionage. Not for data theft Specifically, so that they can carry out disruptive or destructive attacks in the event of a crisis in the Taiwan Strait.”
Taiwan is the world’s largest producer of semiconductors. And the data shows how China spies on all companies involved in every part of the supply chain, from mining to semiconductor manufacturers.
“A war in Asia could have a real impact on American life. You might see pipelines explode, trains derail, water polluted, it’s really all part of China’s plan. This ensures that they can incite social panic. and hinder our ability to Military power and citizen will This is the most serious threat I have ever seen in my career,” Easterly said.
China’s public and private sectors are closely related by regulation. This is unlike in the United States, where cooperation is key to national defense.
“After all, It is a team sport. We work closely with our intelligence community and our military partners at U.S. Cyber Command, and we must work together to ensure that we leverage the full range of tools across the U.S. government and, of course, Working together with our private sector partners,” Easterly said.
“They own most of our critical infrastructure. They are on the front lines, so ensuring we have strong operational partnerships with the private sector is critical to our success in ensuring the safety and security of cyberspace.”
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